混淆点

关于地址和指针，在理解变量状态及操作可以说很重要也很基础的概念。之前有写过可以在下面找到。作为补充，下面有个容易混淆的概念。

ini i = 17;
int *addressOfI = &i;
*addressOfI = 89;

星号有两种不同用法

• 第一种，声明指针：将变量addressOfI声明为 int *, 即指向保存int值的内存地址。
• 第二种，去引用： 访问保存在addressOfI地址中的int值，指针也称为引用，所以通过指针访问某个地址中的数据这一过程，有时也称去引用。

& 运算符，可以得到变量的地址。

int x = 1;
int *y = &x; // &x 变量x地址赋给y指针
printf("x value is %d\n", x);  // x的值
printf("x self address is %p\n", &x); // x自身的地址
printf("y stored address is %p\n", y); // y存储的指针地址
printf("y self address is %p\n", &y); //y自身的地址
printf("y stored address is %p\n", *&y);//y存储的地址

简单来讲：

1. int *指向的是存储的变量地址，而非自身地址。
2. * 指向的是值。
3. & 变量的地址。

为了理解这两个概念，我们先看一个函数执行过程。

#include <stdio.h>

void singSongFor(int numberOfBottles)
{
    if (numberOfBottles == 0) {
        printf("There are simple no more bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
    } else {
        printf("%d bottles of beer on the wall. %d bottles of beer.\n", numberOfBottles, numberOfBottles);
        
        int oneFewer = numberOfBottles - 1;
        printf("Take one down, pass it around, %d bottles of beer on the wall.\n", oneFewer);
        singSongFor(oneFewer);
        
        printf("Put a bottle in the recycling, %d empty bottles in the bin.\n", numberOfBottles);
    }
    
}

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    singSongFor(4);
    return 0;
}

再来看一下它的输出。

4 bottles of beer on the wall. 4 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 3 bottles of beer on the wall.
3 bottles of beer on the wall. 3 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 2 bottles of beer on the wall.
2 bottles of beer on the wall. 2 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 1 bottles of beer on the wall.
1 bottles of beer on the wall. 1 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 0 bottles of beer on the wall.
There are simple no more bottles of beer on the wall.
Put a bottle in the recycling, 1 empty bottles in the bin.
Put a bottle in the recycling, 2 empty bottles in the bin.
Put a bottle in the recycling, 3 empty bottles in the bin.
Put a bottle in the recycling, 4 empty bottles in the bin.
Program ended with exit code: 0

有没有疑问，比如说为什么后面变成了1234，而不是4321。

• https://www.khow.me/blog/pointer-and-address.html
• https://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~pxk/419/notes/frames.html